| Japanese |
|---|
| Title | ホルモン測定法の進歩 |
|---|
| Subtitle | 総説 |
|---|
| Authors | 宮地幸隆* |
|---|
| Authors(kana) | |
|---|
| Organization | *東邦大学医学部第一内科 |
|---|
| Journal | 核医学 |
|---|
| Volume | 31 |
|---|
| Number | 3 |
|---|
| Page | 283-288 |
|---|
| Year/Month | 1994/3 |
|---|
| Article | 報告 |
|---|
| Publisher | 日本核医学会 |
|---|
| Abstract | 「要旨」ホルモンは血中に微量しか存在しないため血中濃度の測定は困難であり, ホルモン測定法の開発は内分泌学の研究そのものであった. まずホルモンの生物活性を指標とする生物学的測定法や化学的測定法が行われたが, 感度が十分でなく, 広範に用いられるには至らなかった. 1959年BersonとYalowにより開発されたインスリンのradioimmunoassayは感度もよく操作も比較的簡単であるため, インスリンにかぎることなく, 多くの蛋白ホルモンさらには分子量の小さなペプチドホルモンやステロイドホルモンにも応用された. Radioimmunoassayの確立によりホルモンの測定法は完成されたようにみえたが, ある疾患の病態解明やさらに微量な局所的に作用するホルモンの測定には感度のより高いassayが要求されるようになった. 二つの異なった抗体を用いるimmunoradiometric assayはradioimmunoassayより感度が数十倍よくなることが判明し, その特異性や操作性と相まって現在では広く用いられるようになった. これまでは標識ホルモンとしてはradioisotpeが用いられたが, radioisotopeの取り扱いのわずらわしさ, 衛生上の問題からもnonisotopic標識ホルモンが用いられるようになってきた. Nonisotopic標識物としては化学発光, 螢光, 酵素などが用いられ感度もradioisotopeに比較してむしろ良好なnonisotopic immunoassayが確立された. ホルモンの本来の生物活性に近いホルモンと受容体receptorへの結合を利用するradioreceptor assayはreceptorの調整のむずかしさからあまり用いられていない. 例えば試験管内に睾丸組織を入れ, testosterone産生能をみるLH (hCG) のin vitroのbioassayは簡便で, ホルモンの本来の作用である生物学的活性を標識にするよい方法である. |
|---|
| Practice | 臨床医学：一般 |
|---|
| Keywords | Radioimmunoassay, Immunoradiometric assay, Non-isotopic immunoassay, Bioassay, Radioreceptor assay. |
|---|
| English |
|---|
| Title | Development of Hormone Assay Methods |
|---|
| Subtitle | Review |
|---|
| Authors | Yukitaka MIYACHI |
|---|
| Authors(kana) | |
|---|
| Organization | First Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine |
|---|
| Journal | The Japanese Journal of nuclear medicine |
|---|
| Volume | 31 |
|---|
| Number | 3 |
|---|
| Page | 283-288 |
|---|
| Year/Month | 1994/3 |
|---|
| Article | Report |
|---|
| Publisher | THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE |
|---|
| Abstract | [Summary] Before the introduction of radioimmunoassay, most hormones were measured by bioassay and/or chemical methods. The sensitivity of these methods was low, so large amounts of samples were needed to perform hormone determinations. In 1959, Berson and Yalow, first applied radioimmunoassay to the measurement of insulin, after which many protein hormones were determined by this method. Subsequently, radioimmunoassays were developed for small peptide molecules as well as for non-peptide hormones such as thyroid hormones and steroid hormones. Two site immunoradiometric assay in which one antibody was immobilized and another labeled with 125I becomes popular, due to its high sensitivity and the development of monoclonal antibody production by the hybridoma technique. Although radioimmunoassays immunoradiometric assays are sensitive and robust techniques, there has been a growing interest for non-istotopic alternatives since early 1980s. Recently, non-isotopic immunoassay methods utilizing chemiluminescence, fluorescence and enzymes as labels are widely used. Chemiluminescence immunoassays, fluorescence immunoassays and enzymic immunoassays with fluorometric detection have resulted in sensitivities adequate to replace radioimmunoassays. Since hormone immunoassays are all dependent upon immunologic properties of hormones, the simultaneous measurement of hormones by a biologic method sometimes shows discrepancies in the hormone concentrations. Hormone assay methods employing biologically specific receptors was introduced, but used not so widely due to the unstability of hormone receptors. In vitro bioassay, is easy to perform and has high sensitivity and applicable for definite hormones. Isotopic and non-isotopic immunoassays are simple and quite useful, but other methods such as radioreceptor assay and bioassay-especially in vitro bioassay are also recommendable to run with radioimmunoassays. |
|---|
| Practice | Clinical medicine |
|---|
| Keywords | Radioimmunoassay, Immunoradiometric assay, Non-isotopic immunoassay, Bioassay, Radioreceptor assay. |
|---|